-  All students must be enrolled in AP Human Geography.

-  Manila folders, graph paper

-  Colored pencils, or colored markers

-  World Game instructions, strategy sheets, and guides

THE THREE STAGES OF THE SIMULATION  This simulation will take each country through 3 stages* of development based on W. W. Rostow's Model of the stages of economic growth, developed in the 1960s.  Rostow studied the development of modern countries through an historical perspective.  In this study he suggested five stages of economic growth.

ROSTOW’S MODEL OF THE STAGES OF ECONOMIC GROWTH

I.  Traditional Society
1.  Most population is engaged in agriculture (approx. 75%).
2.  Productivity is limited by lack of science and its application.
3.  Trade, population, & productivity rise and fall with the degree of political, social, and environmental problems.
4.  Faintly connections are important in social organization.
5.  Political power is generally with these who control land.

II.  Preconditions for Take-Off
1.  Shift begins from agriculture to manufacturing and industry.
2.  Urbanization takes place.
3.  Contact is made with more advanced societies & world markets.
4.  Institutions for mobilizing capital appear - banks for savings and investment.
5.  Centralized national state emerges.

III. Take-Off
1.  Economic growth is a normal condition and attitude.
2.  Huge investment is made in social overhead capital.
3.  Agriculture is commercialized.
4.  Capital imports (money and equipment) are important.
5.  Emphasis is on heavy industry: steel and heavy engineering.

IV.    Drive to Maturity
1.  The emphasis is on steel, chemicals, electricity, machines—tools and a range of new industries - old industries level oft.
2.  Productivity grows substantially faster than population--leads to increased standard of living but unequally distributed.
3.  Labor - saving devices are developed.
4.  Exports develop to match import requirements.
5.  Agriculture declines (perhaps to approx. 20% of population).

V.     Age of High Mass Consumption
1.  Production shifts toward durable consumer goods and services.
2.  Service employment dominates - over 50% of the population - while agricultural employment is below 10% and as low as 3%.
3.  Population growth stabilizes.
4.  Exports become critical to support import demands of consumers in an economy interdependent with other economies.
5.  Government Is increasingly concerned with internal social welfare and external security.

*  This simulation will modify the five stages of Rostow's model to three stages.  Stage I: The Developing Nation, combines the Traditional Society and Preconditions for Take-Off.  Stage II: The Industrial Revolution, mirrors Takeoff, and Stage III: The Modern Era, combines the Drive to Maturity and High Mass Consumption.  Adapted from The Stages of Economic Growth; Second Edition; W.W.Rostow; Copyright 1960, 1971 by Cambridge University Press.

-  Cities are the size of one quadrant.  You may only have three cities including the capital.  You may want to place your products no closer than 3 quadrants from your capital city to allow for its growth.  (The capital city may grow to 4 quadrants in Stage II, and 9 quadrants in Stage III at no extra cost)

-  Agriculture is your county's number one priority.  Each item takes up one quadrant on your country's map.  Place resources carefully, planning ahead for your country's growth. 

-  Natural Resources are not as important as agricultural items in this stage.  Timber, Stone, and Gold are the most valuable.

-  Landforms such as mountains and hills take up one quadrant at a time.  Rivers may take up one line following along the quadrants, or one full quadrant.  Every country must have mountains, hills, flatlands, and rivers.

-  Manufacturing is not of major concern at this stage.  You may convert Copper and Tin to Bronze, and Cotton to Textiles, but no other options yet.  You may build a Fort for additional protection and additional points during the war phase.

-  Cities may be upgraded.  The capital city may grow to 4 quadrants at no extra cost.  Your two other cities may be upgraded for a price, however, they will generate additional points.

-  Agriculture is diminishing in its value due to the industrial revolution.  Machinery enables your country to produce more food, allowing more laborers to work in factories.

-  Natural Resources are generally more valuable due to the increased ability in converting raw materials into manufactured goods.  Coal and Iron are the most valuable, with Petroleum increasing its value dramatically.

-  Landforms may get in the way of your country's development if they were not strategically placed.  Nonetheless, landforms are permanent and cannot be moved or altered.

-  Manufacturing becomes much more important during the Industrial Revolution.  You may convert Stone to Concrete, Iron to Steel, Petroleum to Oil, and Coal to Energy.  You may build a Road Network, Seaport, and a Dam.

-  Cities may be upgraded again.  The capital city may grow to 9 quadrants at no extra cost.  Other cities may be upgraded one more time in this stage.

-  Agriculture is anything but insignificant, but has decreased in value again.  Only a small percentage of your labor force works in agriculture and the extractive sector.

-  Natural Resources are generally much more valuable.  Petroleum is your number one resource because it fuels most of your modes of transportation and provides vast amounts of energy.  Coal, Iron, and Gold follow close behind in terms of value.

-  Landforms may still get in the way of your country's development if they were not strategically placed.

-  Manufacturing is essential to your country's survival.  There are no new goods to produce, but you may now upgrade a Road Network to a Highway, a Seaport to an Airport, and a Dam to a Hydroelectric Dam.